1. National Security & Critical Infrastructure Concerns

· Expansion of investment screening processes (e.g., CFIUS, EU frameworks).

· Broadening definitions of “strategic sectors” like healthcare, AI, and telecommunications.

· Heightened scrutiny on foreign investments in sensitive technologies and infrastructure.

2. Technology Competition and Transfer Restrictions

· US-China tech rivalry driving investment into separate innovation ecosystems.

· Semiconductor supply chain risks impacting FDI.

· Export controls limiting technology transfer, reshaping investment markets.

3. Great Power Competition

· US-China investment restrictions and tech controls.

· Russia’s sanctions redirecting capital flows to alternative hubs.

· Friend-shoring and selective de-risking strategies reshaping FDI.

4. Resource Security and Green Transition

· Competition for critical minerals like lithium and cobalt driving FDI in mining.

· Green subsidies (e.g., US Inflation Reduction Act) attracting clean tech investments.

5. Financial System Dynamics

· De-dollarization and the rise of alternative payment systems.

· Digital currencies’ potential impact on cross-border investments.

6. Supply Chain Resilience

· Nearshoring trends relocating production to mitigate risks.

· Government subsidies like the CHIPS Act reshaping FDI patterns.

7. Corporate Risk Mitigation Strategies

· Scenario planning and diversification to manage geopolitical risks.

· Emphasis on local partnerships to navigate restricted markets.

8. Regional Dynamics and Emerging Hubs

· Middle East as an investment hub balancing relations between major powers.

· Southeast Asia and India benefiting from US-China trade tensions.

· Africa and Latin America as battlegrounds for critical mineral investments.

9. Regulatory and Governance Factors

· Issues like contract enforcement, corruption, and expropriation risks deterring FDI.

· ESG requirements reshaping access to development financing.